生物脫硫工藝流程主要涉及到利用微生物的代謝活動來去除氣體或液體中的硫化物，具體工藝流程因應(yīng)用場景（如沼氣脫硫、天然氣脫硫、煙氣脫硫等）的不同而有所差異。以下是對幾種典型生物脫硫工藝流程的概述：

　　The biological desulfurization process mainly involves using the metabolic activity of microorganisms to remove sulfides from gases or liquids. The specific process varies depending on the application scenarios (such as biogas desulfurization, natural gas desulfurization, flue gas desulfurization, etc.). The following is an overview of several typical biological desulfurization process flows:

　　一、沼氣生物脫硫工藝流程

　　1、 Biogas biological desulfurization process flow

　　沼氣生物脫硫，又稱沼氣生物催化脫硫，是一種利用脫硫微生物催化沼氣中的硫化氫（H2S），通過控制氧氣的濃度（氧化還原電位），將硫化氫選擇性轉(zhuǎn)化成硫酸或單質(zhì)硫的生物代謝過程。沼氣生物脫硫工藝主要分為一體式生物脫硫和分離式生物脫硫兩種。

　　Biogas biological desulfurization, also known as biogas biocatalytic desulfurization, is a biological metabolic process that utilizes desulfurization microorganisms to catalyze hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas. By controlling the concentration of oxygen (redox potential), H2S is selectively converted into sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur. The biogas biological desulfurization process is mainly divided into two types: integrated biological desulfurization and separated biological desulfurization.

　　一體式生物脫硫：

　　Integrated biological desulfurization:

　　將一定量的空氣導(dǎo)入含有硫化氫的沼氣中，混合氣體通過生物濾池或生物滴濾池以去除硫化氫。

　　Introduce a certain amount of air into biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and pass the mixed gas through a biofilter or biofilter to remove hydrogen sulfide.

　　該方式在反應(yīng)器內(nèi)部安裝塑料填料，營養(yǎng)液循環(huán)使填料保持潮濕狀態(tài)，并補充脫硫細菌生長所需的營養(yǎng)。

　　This method installs plastic packing inside the reactor, circulates nutrient solution to keep the packing moist, and supplements the nutrients required for the growth of desulfurization bacteria.

　　一體式脫硫效率高，可達95%~99%，運行成本低，自動化程度高，操作簡便，造價較低。但填料易堵，影響處理效果，增加勞動強度，且存在安全風(fēng)險。

　　The integrated desulfurization efficiency is high, reaching 95%~99%, with low operating costs, high degree of automation, easy operation, and low cost. However, the filling material is prone to clogging, which affects the treatment effect, increases labor intensity, and poses safety risks.

　　分離式生物脫硫：

　　Separated biological desulfurization:

　　含硫化氫的沼氣氣體首先進入生物洗滌塔，在塔內(nèi)與混合液中堿反應(yīng)從沼氣中脫除硫化氫。

　　The biogas gas containing hydrogen sulfide first enters the biological scrubbing tower, where it reacts with alkali in the mixed solution to remove hydrogen sulfide from the biogas.

　　生物洗滌液進入生物反應(yīng)器，反應(yīng)器中的硫化物在微生物作用下轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫，同時堿液得到再生，重復(fù)使用。

　　The biological washing solution enters the bioreactor, and the sulfides in the reactor are converted into elemental sulfur under the action of microorganisms. At the same time, the alkaline solution is regenerated and reused.

　　分離式生物脫硫方案的脫硫效率高（可達99%以上），年運行成本低，自動化程度高，操作簡便，沼氣不與空氣直接混合，運行安全，能處理高濃度的硫化氫的沼氣。但運行成本略高于一體式生物脫硫。

　　The separated biological desulfurization scheme has high desulfurization efficiency (up to 99% or more), low annual operating cost, high degree of automation, easy operation, biogas does not mix directly with air, safe operation, and can treat high concentration hydrogen sulfide biogas. But the operating cost is slightly higher than that of integrated biological desulfurization.

　　二、天然氣生物脫硫工藝流程

　　2、 Natural gas biological desulfurization process flow

　　天然氣生物脫硫工藝利用特定的微生物（如T.F菌）在適宜條件下（如常壓、溫度約為30℃、pH值為2.0~2.5的較強酸性條件）將H2S氧化為元素硫。

　　The natural gas biological desulfurization process utilizes specific microorganisms (such as T.F bacteria) to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur under suitable conditions (such as atmospheric pressure, temperature of about 30 ℃, and strong acidic conditions with pH value of 2.0-2.5).

　　吸收塔：

　　Absorption tower:

　　含H2S原料氣在壓力下于堿性溶液中被吸收。

　　The H2S containing feed gas is absorbed in an alkaline solution under pressure.

　　脫硫溶液進入生物反應(yīng)器再生，并將Fe2+氧化為Fe3+。

　　The desulfurization solution enters the bioreactor for regeneration and oxidizes Fe2+to Fe3+.

　　生物反應(yīng)器：

　　Bioreactor:

　　脫硫溶液在生物反應(yīng)器中再生，同時T.F菌將H2S氧化為元素硫。

　　The desulfurization solution is regenerated in the bioreactor, while T F bacteria oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur.

　　再生好的溶液進入緩沖罐停留一定時間后，送回脫硫吸收塔頂部循環(huán)使用。

　　After the regenerated solution enters the buffer tank and stays for a certain period of time, it is sent back to the top of the desulfurization absorption tower for recycling.

　　硫黃及工藝廢水處理：

　　Sulfur and process wastewater treatment:

　　從生物反應(yīng)器中分離出的硫漿經(jīng)脫水處理后得到硫黃。

　　The sulfur slurry separated from the bioreactor is dehydrated to obtain sulfur.

　　工藝廢水需經(jīng)過適當處理以滿足環(huán)保要求。

　　Process wastewater needs to be treated appropriately to meet environmental protection requirements.

　　三、煙氣生物脫硫工藝流程

　　3、 Process flow of flue gas biological desulfurization

　　煙氣生物脫硫工藝主要應(yīng)用于燃煤電廠等工業(yè)煙氣的脫硫處理。

　　The flue gas biological desulfurization process is mainly applied to the desulfurization treatment of industrial flue gas such as coal-fired power plants.

　　煙氣系統(tǒng)：

　　Smoke system:

　　鍋爐引風(fēng)機排出的原煙氣經(jīng)增壓風(fēng)機引入脫硫系統(tǒng)。

　　The raw flue gas discharged from the boiler induced draft fan is introduced into the desulfurization system through a booster fan.

　　吸收氧化系統(tǒng)：

　　Absorption oxidation system:

　　原煙氣進入吸收塔，自下而上通過塔體，與噴霧系統(tǒng)噴出的霧狀脫硫劑（如石灰石漿液）逆流混合，進行脫硫反應(yīng)。

　　The original flue gas enters the absorption tower, passes through the tower body from bottom to top, and is counter current mixed with the atomized desulfurizer (such as limestone slurry) sprayed by the spray system for desulfurization reaction.

　　脫硫后的凈煙氣由除霧器從吸收塔除去，進入后續(xù)處理系統(tǒng)。

　　The purified flue gas after desulfurization is removed from the absorption tower by a demister and enters the subsequent treatment system.

　　脫硫劑制備系統(tǒng)：

　　Preparation system of desulfurizer:

　　制備石灰石/石灰漿液作為脫硫劑。

　　Prepare limestone/lime slurry as desulfurizer.

　　副產(chǎn)品處理系統(tǒng)：

　　By product processing system:

　　處理脫硫過程中產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)品（如石膏）。

　　Dealing with by-products generated during the desulfurization process (such as gypsum).

　　廢水處理系統(tǒng)：

　　Wastewater treatment system:

　　處理脫硫過程中產(chǎn)生的廢水，確保達標排放。

　　Treat the wastewater generated during the desulfurization process to ensure compliance with discharge standards.

　　公用工程系統(tǒng)和電氣控制系統(tǒng)：

　　Public utility system and electrical control system:

　　提供工藝水、壓縮空氣等公用工程支持。

　　Provide utility support such as process water and compressed air.

　　電氣控制系統(tǒng)負責監(jiān)測和控制整個脫硫系統(tǒng)的運行。

　　The electrical control system is responsible for monitoring and controlling the operation of the entire desulfurization system.

　　需要注意的是，不同生物脫硫工藝流程的具體步驟和參數(shù)可能因?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用場景的不同而有所調(diào)整。在實際應(yīng)用中，需要根據(jù)具體需求和條件選擇合適的生物脫硫工藝流程，并進行相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化和調(diào)整。

　　It should be noted that the specific steps and parameters of different biological desulfurization processes may be adjusted due to different practical application scenarios. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate biological desulfurization process according to specific needs and conditions, and carry out corresponding optimization and adjustment.

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